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Subject: A Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community
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            A Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community
                      Chuq Von Rospach (nsc!chuqui)

                               Introduction

  USENET is large collection of computers that share data with each oth-
  er.  It is the people on these computers that make USENET worth the
  effort, and for USENET to function properly these people must be able
  to interact in productive ways.  This document is intended as a guide
  to using the net in ways that will be pleasant and productive for
  everyone.

  This document is not intended to teach you how to use USENET.  In-
  stead, it is a guide to using it effectively and efficiently.  Commun-
  ication by computer is new to almost everybody, and there are certain
  aspects that can make it a frustrating experience until you get used
  to them.  This document should help you avoid the worst traps.

  The easiest way to learn how to use USENET is to watch how others use
  it.  Start reading the news and try to figure out what people are do-
  ing and why.  After a couple of weeks you will start understanding why
  certain things are done and what things shouldn't.  There are docu-
  ments available describing the technical details of how to use the
  software.  These are different depending on which programs you use to
  access the news.  You can get copies of these from your system ad-
  ministrator.  If you do now know who that person is they can usually
  be contacted by mailing to account 'usenet'.


                        Thoughts on Using the Net


         Never Forget that the Person on the Other Side is Human

  Because your interaction with the network is through a computer it is
  easy to forget that there are people "out there." Situations arise
  where emotions erupt into a verbal free-for-all that can lead to hurt
  feelings.

  Please remember that people all over the world are reading your words.
  Do not attack people if you cannot persuade them with your presenta-
  tion of the facts.  Screaming, cursing, and abusing others only serves
  to make people think less of you and be less willing to help you when
  you need it.

  If you are upset at something or someone, wait until you have had a
  chance to calm down and think about it before posting a reply.  A cup
  of coffee or a good night's sleep works wonders on your perspective.
  Hasty words create more problems than they solve.  Try not to say any-
  thing to others you would not say to them in person in a room full of
  people.

                                 Be Brief

  Never say in ten words what you can say in fewer.  Say it succinctly
  and it will have a higher impact.  Remember that the longer you make
  your article, the fewer people will bother to read it.

             Your Postings Reflect Upon You; Be Proud of Them

  Most people on USENET will know you only by what you say and how well
  you say it.  They may someday be your co-workers or friends.  Take
  some time to make sure each posting is something that will not embar-
  rass you later.  Minimize your spelling errors and make sure that the
  article is easy to read and understand.  Writing is an art and to do
  it well requires practice.  Since much of how people judge you on the
  net is based on your writing, such time is well spent.

                          Use Descriptive Titles

  The subject line of an article is there to convince people to read
  your article.  Tell people what the article is about before they read
  it.  A title like "Car for Sale" to net.auto does not help as much as
  much "66 MG Midget for sale: Beaverton OR." Don't expect people to
  read your article to find out what it is about because many of them
  won't bother.

                        Think About Your Audience

  When you post an article think about the people you are trying to
  reach.  Asking UNIX(*) questions on net.auto will not reach as many of
  the people you want to reach as if you asked it on net.unix or
  net.unix-wizards.  Try to get the most appropriate audience for your
  message, not the widest.

  It is considered bad form to post to net.general and some other news-
  group, or to net.misc and some other newsgroup.  If it belongs in that
  other newsgroup, it does not belong in net.general or net.misc.  It is
  important that no unnecessary messages be sent to net.general.  If it
  gets overloaded, people start unsubscribing to it and its usefulness
  is impaired.

  If your message has a limited geographic interest (apartments, car
  sales, meetings, concerts, etc...), restrict the distribution of the
  message to your local area.  Some areas have special newsgroups with
  geographical limitations, and the newer versions of the news software
  allow you to limit the distribution of material sent to net-wide news-
  groups.  Check with your system administrator to see what newsgroups
  are available and how to use them.

  If you want to try a test of something, do not use a net-wide news-
  group!  Messages in net.general that say "This is a test" are likely
  to cause large numbers of caustic messages to flow into your mailbox.
  There are newsgroups that are local to your computer that should be
  used.  Your system administrator can tell you what they are.  There is
  a newsgroup called net.test, but it is there for the system adminis-
  trators to use to test the network software and should not be used by
  anyone else.

                    Be Careful with Humor and Sarcasm

  Without the voice inflections and body language of personal communica-
  tions, it is easy for a remark meant to be funny to be misinterpreted.
  Subtle humor tends to get lost, so take steps to make sure that people
  realize you are trying to be funny.  The net has developed a symbol
  called the smiley face.  It looks like ":-)" and points out sections
  of articles with humorous intent.  No matter how broad the humor or
  satire, it is safer to remind people that you are being funny.

                         Only Post a Message Once

  If you are going to post a message to multiple newsgroups, do not post
  to each group separately.  Instead, specify all the groups on a single
  copy of the message.  This reduces network overhead and lets people
  who subscribe to more than one of those groups see the message once
  instead of having to wade through each copy.

             Please Rotate Messages With Questionable Content

  Certain newsgroups (such as net.jokes) have messages in them that may
  be offensive to some people.  To make sure that these messages are not
  read unless they are explicitly requested, a program called "caesar"
  has been written that will encrypt and decrypt messages.  If you post
  something that might be offensive to some person or group, encrypt it
  with "caesar."

                   Summarize What You are Following Up

  When you are following up someone's article, please summarize the
  parts of the article to which you are responding.  This allows readers
  to appreciate your comments rather than trying to remember what the
  original article said.  It is also possible for your response to get
  to some sites before the original article.

  Summarization is best done by including appropriate quotes from the
  original article.  Do not include the entire article since it will ir-
  ritate the people who have already seen it.  Even if you are respond-
  ing to the entire article, summarize only the major points you are
  discussing.

                     Use Mail, Don't Post a Follow-up

  One of the biggest problems we have on the network is that when some-
  one asks a question many people send out identical answers.  When this
  happens, dozens of identical answers pour through the net.  Mail your
  answer to the person and suggest that they summarize to the network.
  This way the net will only see a single copy of the answers, no matter
  how many people answer the question.

     Read All Follow-ups and Don't Repeat What Has Already Been Said

  Before you submit a follow-up to a message, read the rest of the mes-
  sages in the newsgroup to see whether someone has already said what
  you want to say.  If someone has, don't repeat it.

                 Be Careful About Copyrights and Licenses

  Once something is posted onto the network, it is effectively in the
  public domain.  When posting material to the network, keep in mind
  that material that is UNIX-related may be restricted by the license
  you or your company signed with AT&T and be careful not to violate it.
  You should also be aware that posting movie reviews, song lyrics, or
  anything else published under a copyright could cause you, your com-
  pany, or the net itself to be held liable for damages, so we highly
  recommend caution in using this material.

                       Cite Appropriate References

  If you are using facts to support a cause, state where they came from.
  Don't take someone else's ideas and use them as your own.  You don't
  want someone pretending that your ideas are theirs; show them the same
  respect.

                       When Summarizing, Summarize!

  When you request information from the network, it is common courtesy
  to report your findings so that others can benefit as well.  The best
  way of doing this is to take all the responses that you received and
  edit them into a single article that is posted to the places where you
  originally posted your question.

  Take the time to strip headers, combine duplicate information, and
  write a short summary.  Try to credit the information to the people
  that sent it to you, where possible.

                   Mark or Rotate Answers and Spoilers

  When you post something (like a movie review that discusses an impor-
  tant detail of the plot) which might spoil a surprise for other peo-
  ple, please mark your message with a warning so that they can skip the
  message.  Another alternative would be to use the "caesar" program to
  encrypt the message so it cannot be read accidently.

                    Spelling Flames Considered Harmful

  Every few months a plague descends on USENET called the spelling
  flame.  It starts out when someone posts an article correcting the
  spelling or grammar in some article.  The immediate result seems to be
  for everyone on the net to turn into a 6th grade English teacher and
  pick each other's postings apart for a few weeks.  This is not produc-
  tive and tends to cause people who used to be friends to get angry at
  each other.

  It is important to remember that we all make mistakes, and that there
  are many users on the net who use English as a second language.  If
  you feel that you must make a comment on the quality of a posting,
  please do so by mail, not on the network.

                         Don't Overdo Signatures

  Signatures are nice, and many people can have a signature added to
  their postings automatically by placing it in a file called ".signa-
  ture".  Don't overdo it.  Signatures can tell the world something
  about you, but keep them short.  A signature that is longer than the
  message itself is considered to be in bad taste.  The main purpose of
  a signature is to help people locate you on the net, not learn your
  life story.  Every signature should include your return address rela-
  tive to a well known site on the network.  Your system administrator
  can give this to you.


                      Summary of Things to Remember


       Never forget that the person on the other side is human
       Be brief
       Your postings reflect upon you; be proud of them
       Use descriptive titles
       Think about your audience
       Be careful with humor and sarcasm
       Only post a message once
       Please rotate material with questionable content
       Summarize what you are following up
       Use mail, don't post a follow-up
       Read all follow-ups and don't repeat what has already been said
       Be careful about copyrights and licenses
       Cite appropriate references
       When summarizing, summarize
       Mark or rotate answers or spoilers
       Spelling flames considered harmful
       Don't overdo signatures


(*)UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.

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From: use...@gatech.CSNET
Newsgroups: net.announce.newusers
Subject: A Primer on How to Work With the Usenet Community (Last changed: 14 October 1984)
Message-ID: <1830@gatech.CSNET>
Date: Fri, 1-Nov-85 00:18:10 EST
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Original-from: chu...@nsc.UUCP (Chuq Von Rospach)
[Most recent change: 14 October 1984 by spaf]


              A Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community
                        Chuq Von Rospach (nsc!chuqui)



  *** You now have access to Usenet, a big network of thousands of
  computers.  Other documents or your system administrator will provide
  detailed technical documentation.  This message describes the Usenet
  culture and customs which have developed over time.  All new users should
  read this message to find out how Usenet works. *** *** (Old users could
  read it, too, to refresh their memories.)  ***

  USENET is a large collection of computers that share data with each other.
  It is the people on these computers that make USENET worth the effort, and
  for USENET to function properly those people must be able to interact in
  productive ways.  This document is intended as a guide to using the net in
  ways that will be pleasant and productive for everyone.

  This document is not intended to teach you how to use USENET.  Instead, it
  is a guide to using it politely, effectively and efficiently.
  Communication by computer is new to almost everybody, and there are
  certain aspects that can make it a frustrating experience until you get
  used to them.  This document should help you avoid the worst traps.

  The easiest way to learn how to use USENET is to watch how others use it.
  Start reading the news and try to figure out what people are doing and
  why.  After a couple of weeks you will start understanding why certain
  things are done and what things shouldn't be done.  There are documents
  available describing the technical details of how to use the software.
  These are different depending on which programs you use to access the
  news.  You can get copies of these from your system administrator.  If you
  do not know who that person is, they can be contacted on most systems by
  mailing to account "usenet".


           Never Forget that the Person on the Other Side is Human

  Because your interaction with the network is through a computer it is easy
  to forget that there are people "out there." Situations arise where
  emotions erupt into a verbal free-for-all that can lead to hurt feelings.

  Please remember that people all over the world are reading your words.  Do
  not attack people if you cannot persuade them with your presentation of
  the facts.  Screaming, cursing, and abusing others only serves to make
  people think less of you and less willing to help you when you need it.

  If you are upset at something or someone, wait until you have had a chance
  to calm down and think about it.  A cup of coffee or a good night's sleep
  works wonders on your perspective.  Hasty words create more problems than
  they solve.  Try not to say anything to others you would not say to them
  in person in a room full of people.

                                   Be Brief

  Never say in ten words what you can say in fewer.  Say it succinctly and
  it will have a greater impact.  Remember that the longer you make your
  article, the fewer people will bother to read it.

               Your Postings Reflect Upon You -- Be Proud of Them

  Most people on USENET will know you only by what you say and how well you
  say it.  They may someday be your co-workers or friends.  Take some time
  to make sure each posting is something that will not embarrass you later.
  Minimize your spelling errors and make sure that the article is easy to
  read and understand.  Writing is an art and to do it well requires
  practice.  Since much of how people judge you on the net is based on your
  writing, such time is well spent.

                            Use Descriptive Titles

  The subject line of an article is there to enable a person with a limited
  amount of time to decide whether or not to read your article.  Tell people
  what the article is about before they read it.  A title like "Car for
  Sale" to net.auto does not help as much as "66 MG Midget for sale:
  Beaverton OR." Don't expect people to read your article to find out what
  it is about because many of them won't bother.  Some sites truncate the
  length of the subject line to 40 characters so keep your subjects short
  and to the point.

                          Think About Your Audience

  When you post an article, think about the people you are trying to reach.
  Asking UNIX(*) questions on net.auto will not reach as many of the people
  you want to reach as if you asked them on net.unix or net.unix-wizards.
  Try to get the most appropriate audience for your message, not the widest.

  It is considered bad form to post both to net.general, net.misc, net.net-
  people, or net.wanted and to some other newsgroup.  If it belongs in that
  other newsgroup, it does not belong in net.general, net.misc, net.net-
  people, or net.wanted.  It is important that no unnecessary messages be
  sent to net.general.  If it gets overloaded, people will start unsubscrib-
  ing to it and its usefulness will be impaired.

  If your message is of interest to a limited geographic area (apartments,
  car sales, meetings, concerts, etc...), restrict the distribution of the
  message to your local area.  Some areas have special newsgroups with
  geographical limitations, and the newer versions of the news software
  allow you to limit the distribution of material sent to net-wide
  newsgroups.  Check with your system administrator to see what newsgroups
  are available and how to use them.

  If you want to try a test of something, do not use a net-wide newsgroup!
  Messages in net.general that say "This is a test" are likely to cause
  large numbers of caustic messages to flow into your mailbox.  There are
  newsgroups that are local to your computer or area that should be used.
  Your system administrator can tell you what they are.  There is a
  newsgroup called net.test, but it is there for the system administrators
  to use to test the network software and should not be used by anyone else.

                      Be Careful with Humor and Sarcasm

  Without the voice inflections and body language of personal
  communications, it is easy for a remark meant to be funny to be
  misinterpreted.  Subtle humor tends to get lost, so take steps to make
  sure that people realize you are trying to be funny.  The net has
  developed a symbol called the smiley face.  It looks like ":-)" and points
  out sections of articles with humorous intent.  No matter how broad the
  humor or satire, it is safer to remind people that you are being funny.

                           Only Post a Message Once

  Avoid posting messages to more than one newsgroup unless you are sure it
  is appropriate.  If you do post to multiple newsgroups, do not post to
  each group separately.  Instead, specify all the groups on a single copy
  of the message.  This reduces network overhead and lets people who
  subscribe to more than one of those groups see the message once instead of
  having to wade through each copy.

               Please Rotate Messages With Questionable Content

  Certain newsgroups (such as net.jokes) have messages in them that may be
  offensive to some people.  To make sure that these messages are not read
  unless they are explicitly requested, these messages should be encrypted.
  The standard encryption method is to rotate each letter by thirteen
  characters so that an "a" becomes an "n".  This is known on the network as
  "rot13" and when you rotate a message the word "rot13" should be in the
  "Subject:" line.  Most of the software used to read usenet articles have
  some way of encrypting and decrypting messages.  Your system administrator
  can tell you how the software on your system works, or you can use the
  Unix command "tr [a-z][A-Z] [n-z][a-m][N-Z][A-M]".

                     Summarize What You are Following Up

  When you are following up someone's article, please summarize the parts of
  the article to which you are responding.  This allows readers to
  appreciate your comments rather than trying to remember what the original
  article said.  It is also possible for your response to get to some sites
  before the original article.

  Summarization is best done by including appropriate quotes from the
  original article.  Do not include the entire article since it will
  irritate the people who have already seen it.  Even if you are responding
  to the entire article, summarize only the major points you are discussing.

                         When Summarizing, Summarize!

  When you request information from the network, it is common courtesy to
  report your findings so that others can benefit as well.  The best way of
  doing this is to take all the responses that you received and edit them
  into a single article that is posted to the places where you originally
  posted your question.  Take the time to strip headers, combine duplicate
  information, and write a short summary.  Try to credit the information to
  the people that sent it to you, where possible.

                       Use Mail, Don't Post a Follow-up

  One of the biggest problems we have on the network is that, when someone
  asks a question, many people send out identical answers.  When this
  happens, dozens of identical answers pour through the net.  Mail your
  answer to the person and suggest that they summarize to the network.  This
  way the net will only see a single copy of the answers, no matter how many
  people answer the question.

  If you post a question, please remind people to send you the answers by
  mail and offer to summarize them to the network.

       Read All Follow-ups and Don't Repeat What Has Already Been Said

  Before you submit a follow-up to a message, read the rest of the messages
  in the newsgroup to see whether someone has already said what you want to
  say.  If someone has, don't repeat it.

                   Be Careful About Copyrights and Licenses

  Once something is posted onto the network, it is effectively in the public
  domain.  When posting material to the network, keep in mind that material
  that is UNIX-related may be restricted by the license you or your company
  signed with AT&T and be careful not to violate it.  You should also be
  aware that posting movie reviews, song lyrics, or anything else published
  under a copyright could cause you, your company, or the net itself to be
  held liable for damages, so we highly recommend caution in using this
  material.

                         Cite Appropriate References

  If you are using facts to support a cause, state where they came from.
  Don't take someone else's ideas and use them as your own.  You don't want
  someone pretending that your ideas are theirs; show them the same respect.

                     Mark or Rotate Answers and Spoilers

  When you post something (like a movie review that discusses a detail of
  the plot) which might spoil a surprise for other people, please mark your
  message with a warning so that they can skip the message.  Another
  alternative would be to use the "rot13" protocol to encrypt the message so
  it cannot be read accidentally.  When you post a message with a spoiler in
  it make sure the word "spoiler" is part of the "Subject:" line.

                      Spelling Flames Considered Harmful

  Every few months a plague descends on USENET called the spelling flame.
  It starts out when someone posts an article correcting the spelling or
  grammar in some article.  The immediate result seems to be for everyone on
  the net to turn into a 6th grade English teacher and pick apart each other's
  postings for a few weeks.  This is not productive and tends to cause
  people who used to be friends to get angry with each other.

  It is important to remember that we all make mistakes, and that there are
  many users on the net who use English as a second language.  If you feel
  that you must make a comment on the quality of a posting, please do so by
  mail, not on the network.

                           Don't Overdo Signatures

  Signatures are nice, and many people can have a signature added to their
  postings automatically by placing it in a file called "$HOME/.signature".
  Don't overdo it.  Signatures can tell the world something about you, but
  keep them short.  A signature that is longer than the message itself is
  considered to be in bad taste.  The main purpose of a signature is to help
  people locate you on the net, not learn your life story.  Every signature
  should include your return address relative to a well known site on the
  network.  Your system administrator can give this to you.


                        Summary of Things to Remember


       Never forget that the person on the other side is human
       Be brief
       Your postings reflect upon you; be proud of them
       Use descriptive titles
       Think about your audience
       Be careful with humor and sarcasm
       Only post a message once
       Please rotate material with questionable content
       Summarize what you are following up
       Use mail, don't post a follow-up
       Read all follow-ups and don't repeat what has already been said
       Be careful about copyrights and licenses
       Cite appropriate references
       When summarizing, summarize
       Mark or rotate answers or spoilers
       Spelling flames considered harmful
       Don't overdo signatures


(*)UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.

			  SCO's Case Against IBM

November 12, 2003 - Jed Boal from Eyewitness News KSL 5 TV provides an
overview on SCO's case against IBM. Darl McBride, SCO's president and CEO,
talks about the lawsuit's impact and attacks. Jason Holt, student and 
Linux user, talks about the benefits of code availability and the merits 
of the SCO vs IBM lawsuit. See SCO vs IBM.

Note: The materials and information included in these Web pages are not to
be used for any other purpose other than private study, research, review
or criticism.